What Is the Dielectric Constant and Dissipation Factor of RO4535 PCB?

 

Introduction

RO4535 High Frequency Laminates, developed by Rogers Corporation, are advanced materials designed to meet the specific demands of antenna markets. These laminates provide exceptional performance, controlled dielectric, low loss characteristics, and excellent passive intermodulation response required for mobile infrastructure microstrip antenna applications. With their compatibility with FR-4 processing and RoHS-compliant flame-retardant technology, RO4535 laminates present an affordable alternative to traditional PTFE-based antenna technologies. This comprehensive blog article delves into the features, benefits, construction details, and typical applications of the RO4535 20mil Rogers PCB , highlighting its potential to optimize the price and performance of antennas.

 

Features that Set RO4535 PCB Apart

 

1)Dielectric Constant:

With a DK of 3.44 +/-0.08 at 10GHz/23°C, the RO4535 PCB exhibits excellent signal integrity and stability, ensuring reliable high-frequency performance for antenna applications.

 

2)Dissipation Factor:

The PCB boasts a low dissipation factor of 0.0037 at 10GHz/23°C, allowing for minimal signal loss and maintaining the integrity of the transmitted and received signals.

 

3)Thermal Conductivity:

Equipped with a thermal conductivity of 0.6 W/m/°K, theRO4535 PCB effectively dissipates heat generated in high-power applications, promoting reliable performance and extending the lifespan of the antenna.

 

4)Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE):

The RO4535 PCB features CTE values of 16 ppm/°C (X-axis), 17 ppm/°C (Y-axis), and 50 ppm/°C (Z-axis). These closely matched CTE values minimize stress on the PCB and ensure dimensional stability, even during temperature fluctuations.

 

5)High-Temperature Glass Transition (Tg):

With a Tg value exceeding 280°C, this PCB offers exceptional thermal stability, making it suitable for demanding antenna applications subjected to elevated temperatures.

 

6)Low Water Absorption:

The RO4535 PCB boasts a water absorption rate of merely 0.09%, ensuring its performance remains uncompromised even in humid environments.

 

7)UL-94 V0:

Compliant with UL94 V-0 certification, the PCB guarantees excellent flame retardancy, enhancing safety and reliability.

 

 

Benefits of RO4535 PCB

 

1)Excellent Passive Intermodulation (PIM) Performance:

When combined with LoPro copper foil, the RO4535 PCB exhibits outstanding passive intermodulation characteristics, minimizing interference and improving the overall performance of the antenna system.

 

2)Improved Mechanical Rigidity:

Compared to traditional PTFE-based laminates, the RO4535 PCB offers superior mechanical rigidity, enhancing the structural integrity and durability of the antenna.

 

3)Reduced Stress on PCB Antenna:

 The CTE value similar to that of copper reduces the stress on the PCB antenna, leading to improved reliability and longevity of the antenna system.

 

 

PCB Construction Details

The Rogers 4535 PCB is a 2-layer rigid PCB with the following specifications:

 

Board Dimensions: The PCB measures 53mm x 53mm with a tolerance of +/- 0.15mm.

Minimum Trace/Space: The minimum trace width and spacing are both 4 mils, allowing for precise routing and optimized signal integrity.

Minimum Hole Size: The PCB supports hole sizes as small as 0.3mm, enabling the integration of compact components.

Via Configuration: There are no blind vias present, ensuring a simplified PCB manufacturing process.

Finished Board Thickness: The finished board thickness is 0.6mm, striking the right balance between strength and flexibility.

Finished Cu Weight: The outer layers of the PCB have a copper weight of 1oz (1.4 mils), offering excellent conductivity and facilitating efficient signal transmission.

Via Plating Thickness: Each via on the PCB has a plating thickness of 20μm, ensuring reliable electrical connections.

Surface Finish: The PCB is coated with immersion gold, which provides a flat, solderable surface and protects against oxidation.

Silkscreen and Solder Mask: The top silkscreen is white, aiding component placement and identification, while both the top and bottom solder masks are green, providing protection against solder bridges and enhancing overall aesthetics.

Electrical Test: Each PCB undergoes a 100% electrical test prior to shipment, guaranteeing quality and functionality.

 

 

PCB Statistics

The RO4535 high frequency circuit board features the following statistics:

 

Components: The PCB can accommodate up to 11 components, allowing for the integration of various functionalities.

Total Pads: There are a total of 22 pads on the PCB, enabling seamless connectivity between components and the PCB.

Thru Hole Pads: The PCB supports 12 thru-hole pads, facilitating the utilization of both surface-mount and through-hole components.

Top SMT Pads: With 10 top surface mount technology (SMT) pads, the PCB provides ample space for mounting surface-mount components.

Bottom SMT Pads: The PCB does not have any bottom SMT pads.

Vias: It offers 17 vias for establishing electrical connections between different layers, ensuring signal integrity throughout the PCB.

Nets: The PCB consists of 2 nets, enabling effective communication between various components.

 

 

Type of Artwork Supplied and Quality Standard

The Rogers RO4535 PCB is designed using Gerber RS-274-X artwork, a widely supported industry standard that ensures compatibility and accuracy during manufacturing. The PCB adheres to IPC-Class-2 quality standards, guaranteeing consistent performance and reliability.

 

Availability and Typical Applications

The RO4535 30mil Rogers substrate PCB is readily available worldwide, making it accessible for various antenna projects across different regions. Some typical applications that benefit from the superior performance of this PCB include:

 

1)Cellular Infrastructure Base Station Antennas:

TheRO4535 PCB empowers base station antennas, ensuring reliable, high-quality signal transmission in cellular networks.

 

2)WiMAX Antenna Networks:

With its exceptional features and benefits, the PCB is well-suited for WiMAX antenna networks, enabling efficient data transmission and reliable connectivity.

 

 

Conclusion

With its extensive features, benefits, and impressive performance characteristics, the RO4535 Rogers PCB represents a superior solution for demanding antenna applications. Designed to meet the specific requirements of the market, this PCB offers excellent signal integrity, thermal stability, and mechanical rigidity. Furthermore, its compatibility with FR-4 processing and RoHS-compliant flame-retardant technology makes it an affordable alternative to traditional PTFE-based laminates. Engineers and designers can confidently employ the RO4535 20mil PCB to optimize the price and performance of their antenna systems, enhancing connectivity and improving overall user experience in wireless communication applications.

If you’re into rechargeable batteries, you’ve probably heard of Ni-MH batteries. But do you really understand the benefits of Ni-MH batteries, how they work, and how to maximize their performance? This blog will take you deep into the world of Ni-MH batteries, covering their chemistry, real-world applications.

 

After reading this blog, you’ll have a clearer understanding of what Ni-MH batteries can do and why they might be the perfect choice for your needs.

 

What are Ni-MH batteries?

 

 

Nickel-metal hydride batteries (Ni-MH) are a type of battery that uses nickel and metal hydride as its core chemistry. Unlike single-use alkaline batteries, Ni-MH batteries are rechargeable. This is a big plus—recycling them multiple times is not only cost-effective, but also better for the environment.

 

What is the voltage of Ni-MH batteries?

Ni-MH batteries are typically rated at 1.2V. You might be thinking, “Isn’t that lower than the 1.5V of traditional alkaline batteries?”

 

That’s true, but interestingly, despite their slightly lower voltage, Ni-MH batteries offer more consistent performance over time. This stability makes them a reliable power source for many devices.

 

How Ni-MH Batteries Work？

Ni-MH batteries store and release energy through a chemical reaction between nickel (Ni) and metal hydride (MH). The positive electrode of the battery is made of nickel compounds, while the negative electrode is made of metal hydride materials.

 

One important advantage: Metal hydrides have a higher energy density than traditional nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd) batteries. This means that Ni-MH batteries can store more energy after each charge, allowing them to be used for longer. In addition, they do not contain toxic cadmium components, making them a safer and more environmentally friendly choice.

 

What is the capacity of Ni-MH batteries?

Battery capacity is usually measured in milliampere hours (mAh), which is used to measure its energy storage capacity. Ni-MH batteries generally range in capacity from 600mAh to 2500mAh.

 

In practical terms, larger batteries can provide longer battery life for devices. However, it is important to note that larger batteries usually take longer to charge. These batteries are ideal for high-energy devices such as digital cameras and power-hungry toys. For low-energy devices such as remote controls or wall clocks, smaller batteries are sufficient.

 

Why choose Ni-MH batteries?

Ni-MH batteries are not only an efficient rechargeable battery, but also help you reduce your impact on the environment. Although their voltage is not as high as alkaline batteries, their stability and long service life make them an ideal choice in many scenarios.

 

If you are looking for a reliable power solution that is both environmentally friendly and meets your daily needs, Ni-MH batteries are undoubtedly a good choice to consider!

What are AA alkaline batteries?

AA alkaline batteries are small cylindrical batteries made of alkaline, lithium, and nickel metal hydride. As a widely used battery type, many well-known brands (such as Duracell, Energizer, Toshiba, etc.) produce them. At the same time, many small and medium-sized enterprises and independent brands are also involved in the manufacture of AA batteries. In addition, there are some batteries that are similar in appearance to AA batteries, but the model and capacity may be slightly different.

 

What are the uses of AA alkaline batteries?

AA alkaline batteries are widely used in various devices due to their small size and stability. The following are common usage scenarios:

 

 

• Digital thermometers
• Calculators
• Laser pens
• Flashlights
• Security system panels
• Electronic toys
• Smoke alarms
• Medical equipment and instruments
• Alarm clocks
• Mouse and keyboards

 

How to properly install AA alkaline batteries?

When installing AA alkaline batteries, first determine the location of the positive and negative poles. Generally speaking, the flat end of the battery is the positive pole, and the small round protrusion on the other end is the negative pole. According to the positive and negative pole markings on the device, install the battery correctly. Some devices have small metal tabs that hold the battery in place. Make sure these tabs are intact and aligned. If they become dislocated, they can be carefully adjusted to restore normal function.

 

Where can I buy AA alkaline batteries?

AA alkaline batteries are so popular that there are many brands and retailers to choose from. However, the quality of batteries varies from brand to brand and retailer to retailer. To avoid buying inferior or counterfeit batteries, it is recommended to buy from reputable brands.

 

Warriors is a veteran in the battery industry with 16 years of sales experience and offers a wide range of high-quality batteries. If you have any related needs, please visit warriorscell.com and let us be your battery expert!

Relying on RFID technology for access control, inventory management, or other applications, it is critical for businesses choosing the right UHF RFID PVC card provider. Taking the quality and reliability of your cards in mind, it can directly impact your operations. Reading the following tips to help you for selecting the right provider and why Shenzhen Zhijie can be chosen the right UHF RFID PVC Provider. Get more information at www.oemrfidfactory.com.

1. Evaluate Product Range and Quality

Start by reviewing the provider's product range. A reliable supplier should offer a wide variety of RFID cards, including RFID Blank Access Cards andCustom Printed RFID Cards. Look for durable materials, advanced technology, and compatibility with your existing systems. High-quality cards will ensure long-term performance and reduced maintenance costs.

2. Check for Customization Options

Customization is essential if you need cards tailored to your brand or specific requirements. A top-tier provider should offer options for custom printing, including logos, designs, and unique identification numbers. Custom Printed RFID Cards not only enhance your brand image but also improve security by preventing unauthorized duplication. Shenzhen Zhijie can offer customized services to meet your different needs.

3. Assess Industry Experience and Expertise

An experienced provider understands the intricacies of RFID technology and can offer valuable advice on selecting the best cards for your application. Check the company’s years in the industry, customer reviews, and case studies to gauge their expertise. Providers with proven experience in delivering RFID Blank Access Cards or specialized C80 RFID Cards are likely to meet your expectations.

4. Ensure Compliance with Industry Standards

Industry compliance is a critical factor in choosing a provider. The cards should adhere to international standards such as ISO/IEC 14443 or ISO/IEC 15693, depending on your requirements. Compliance guarantees compatibility and reliability across different systems, ensuring seamless operation for your RFID applications.

5.Review Production Capacity
When reviewing production capacity, it’s essential to understand whether the provider can handle both your current and future quantity requirements. Ask about their manufacturing capabilities, including the number of units they can produce daily, weekly, or monthly. A reliable provider should demonstrate the ability to scale production efficiently to meet bulk order demands without compromising on product quality.

 

 

OSFP 800G Optical Transceiver is one of the latest high-speed optical transceivers on the market. Using high-speed optical transmission technology, it can achieve a data transmission speed of up to 800Gbps. This means that OSFP 800G optical transceivers can provide faster, more reliable and more efficient data transmission services when transmitting massive amounts of data.

 

According to the application scenarios and different physical layer protocols, OSFP 800G optical transceivers can be divided into different types, including SR8, DR8, FR8, LR8, etc.FiberWDM’s 800G transceiver mainly includes SR8 and DR8.

 

 

 

 

OSFP 800G Optical transceiver is a kind of high performance, high efficiency, high reliability of optical communication equipment, can provide more advanced and more excellent solutions for the construction of the new generation of optical fiber network, to help realize the rapid development and rapid progress of modern communication industry.

 

 

 

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